On the other hand, the current trend of increasing the urban population at the expense of people in rural areas raises the problem of reducing human participation in animal husbandry and the inclusion of more technological solutions to ensure humane breeding and careful monitoring of animal welfare. As there is a constant need for development and due to the increasing trend in the number of animals in a herd/farm, software architectures need to be easily scaled to be able to receive a lot of data simultaneously from numerous Internet of things (IoT) devices. The development of technologies forces the transition to Agriculture 5.0, where through automation and the introduction of recent technological solutions, traditional farm practices are modified and improved. Experimental results proved that the proposed architecture using AWS automated scaling mechanisms and IoT devices are fully capable of processing the growing amount of data, which in turn allow for meeting the required needs of the constantly expanding number of CPS systems. A stress test was performed to prove the data ingesting and processing capability of the proposed architecture. The AWS services used, and their specific tasks related to the proposed architecture are explained in detail. The aim of this study was to design a scalable cloud-based architecture for a smart livestock monitoring system following Agile methodology and featuring environmental monitoring, health, growth, behaviour, reproduction, emotional state, and stress levels of animals. Cloud-based IoT solutions are achieving increasingly high popularity. This necessitates finding a solution that meets the continuously growing demands in smart farming. Due to the growing number of connected IoT devices, the maximum scalability capacity, and available computing power of the existing architectural frameworks will be reached. In the ecological future of the planet, intelligent agriculture relies on CPS and IoT to free up human resources and increase production efficiency.
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